The problem of air defense and cruise missiles. Crisis opportunities

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During 2016 and 2017, the two countries in the world (USA and Russia) is quite actively used such weapons as cruise missiles. Including unblocking of Deir ez-Zor. What features of use of these weapons and why a growing number of operators? What is its effectiveness and what are the chances of the defense to counter these weapons? This and other things I want to tell you and start it here.

Cruise missiles are essentially the most missiles at a military classification because they have aerodynamic bearing surfaces. Besides, to them also will be the topic of the story are and other missiles from anti-tank to “air-air” (air combat) and anti-ship. And we’ll talk specifically about the missiles for attacks on targets on the surface. While the rockets pertaining to tactical (range from 150 to 1500 km) and strategic (over 1500 km) and the sea-and air-based. Especially in the power closed to the public characteristics of the missiles may not be tactical but strategic, and Vice versa… by the Way, due to the fact that increasing the radius of air defense(ground/sea, and air components) is also growing, and tactical missiles constantly shifted to tactical, surpassing the 150 mile barrier range, providing security for the media at start-up, for example in Russia it happened with missiles Kh-59 and Kh-31.

What unites these missiles? This relatively small warhead weight, usually not more than 500 kg.; speed less than the sound speed of 0.7-0.9 M(the number M(Mach) is equivalent to 1224 km/h or speed of sound near the ground at 340 m/second), low profile flight (although for long-range missiles can be high-rise, especially for those that launched from the carrier aircraft from a height to increase the range) to 30-100 meters (the newer the below); arising from a low flight profile for the complexity of air defense/missile defense moreover, the growing trend of “stealth”missiles (among them Taigi/Germany and the AGM-158 JASSM/SCALP and the USA/France and SOM/Turkey and Kh-101/Russia or new versions of the Kh-59).

In General, the ability to produce missiles belonging to the considered segment can boast of such countries as Russia, USA, France/UK (SCALP/Storm Shadow), Germany, China, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Iran, Israel. More interesting that the list can be more in just five countries – India (they are not “finished” his long-suffering cruise missile Nirbhay, the beginning of the creation which had in 2007) but, due to demonstrate in Syria, the possibilities of anti-ship complex “Bastion”, you can understand that they have a “BrahMos” similar “bastianelli” rocket; it Italy; is Norway; it’s Japan and it’s North Korea. The question of course that can homing “Otomat”, NSM and severomoravska and Japanese missiles find the targets set on land or not, but if they make quality, then it should.

However a special “charm” of the situation is that we kind of gave India a type of weapon, which she had, and without us it would not be. The more I wonder what is wrong with the Indian cruise missile if she doesn’t want to fly “where necessary”? Are they really NOTHING can neither mechanical parts (especially fuel+system) or you software? Then they “BrahMos”?! The inscription?! Of course I understand that they most likely gave the money to our hypersonic missile, but doesn’t feel she’s Indian?

In fact, countries are likely to use consider the type of cruise missiles more – for example in Europe, they are still Spain, Finland, was ordered by Greece.

Most of the cruise missiles from existing countries of the world, if we talk about the titles, type of media are air based, then there is the sea and closes the ground. Latest popular in Iran and China (we destroyed your land mobile complex agreement with the U.S. in the ‘ 80s, though, due to the small missile ships of “Desperado” and the educed river system, messages found quite elegant solution to bypass this agreement. But USA soon too – thanks to the deployment equips Tomahawks installations vertical launch for allegedly ABOUT). But if you take the number produced, then there can be seen a huge advantage missiles, sea components thanks to the US Navy (and double the rest of PKR, such as fleet). The U.S. Navy already 4 thousand in Tomogavki*

 

Aviation missile SOM (Turkey)
 

 Проблема ПВО и крылатых ракет. Кризис возможностей

 

Aviation missile Taurus KEPD (Germany).
 

 Проблема ПВО и крылатых ракет. Кризис возможностей

 

AGM-158 JASSM (USA)
 

 Проблема ПВО и крылатых ракет. Кризис возможностей

 

The picture shows the launch of a strategic missile CJ-10 (China).

Проблема ПВО и крылатых ракет. Кризис возможностей

 

Targets for cruise missiles.

Rather, they are stationary. This is a major military and civilian infrastructure. Yes, cruise missiles can hit and is mobile, but not at the time of the movement, mostly (at least because if you don’t track a target and give target designation on it constantly, for example, mobile command post can simply get lost in urban areas). Though the thought of you, comrades, about how fragile our modern world for this scourge? In fact, each country has a set of objects, the destruction of which will lead to very severe, and even irreparable damage. We are civil critical objects, which not every country can only recover on their own, especially in time of war? Imagine that your home suddenly lost power – it is just the missiles destroyed a power substation, or worse – the generator/turbine CHP or HPP. When the light will once again be served? And when someone will manufacture a new turbine or will get parts and fix this. Remember the story of the Crimean and Siemens turbines! Yes, even transformers do for substations in our country and how many where in other countries?

So what can be discussed:

– AES(!) (in theory they have structural protection (e.g. from falling Airliners), but as it is against missiles? (with a successful hit Chernobyl/Fukushima));

– refineries and fuel storage (gets up transport);

– hydro units and thermal power plants (gets up communication, cooking and communication, collapsing control);

– intakes (and there often has chlorine in it which can go cloud after impact);

– water treatment plants (imagine that in the river went to the relief of all that is in the pipes);

nodes of telecommunications (fiber optics, etc.) (the Internet – no connection – also, no control);

chemical production (huge fires and toxic chemicals over cities);

– bridges (violation message);

– gas and oil pipelines and their components, such as underground gas storage facility (the ones who thought he was without electricity for Gaza will live wrong);

– plants for production of machines, weapons and critical equipment (to make it impossible to defend now and in the future and to rebuild torn down on their own – we’re not the middle of the 20th century without CNC machines and other);

– data centers (then extract the data, even if the generators will drag!);

– sluices and spillways of hydraulic structures (creating a flood);

– other.

And this is an incomplete list that in order to destroy, you can drive any country in the middle ages. And to solve the problem created by the destruction of the above may not even be on the force balances of the national economy. Especially in the blockade of foreign supplies. Something like this has happened in 1999 in Yugoslavia, although there “until the end” NATO members “not cleared”. And there, but went back to the aforementioned and hospitals and television. And restore on the “network” of destruction of such objects may prove to be impossible or drawn out for many years. Not to mention the fact that in some cases the missile will take not a couple of hundred kilograms of explosives, but 200 kt of TNT.

Military critical facilities are also missing:

– ballistic missile silos;

staffs;

– communication and management;

– airfields and aircraft on Parking;

– the fuel storage/refueling facilities;

stationary radars;

– position of air defense (‘ll laugh, but not all of the air defense on the planet can be ABOUT at the same time);

– warehouses (especially in large warehouses is rocket-artillery weapons, which even in peace time threat) ;

– barracks of the troops (an unexpected attack);

– ships at berth (also in case of an unexpected attack);

– other.

It is worth mentioning that if the unexpected strike, anti-air defense to the REB may be in an inactive state. And even a military ship at berth can be zastan what is called “pants down”.

There are, of course, a quantitative restriction is still marked objects from a large country lot. Well, small? For example, in Yugoslavia, Iran for the United States or there is Ukraine or the Baltic States for Russia (Yes, even Germany or Japan)? American or Russian power is enough to deprive the country of the enemy not only of the ability to conduct military operations, but in fact to deprive signs of modern civilization by creating the collapse of the economy on working people.

 

Targeting as the strength and weakness of cruise missiles.
One of the main problems in the case of cruise missiles to give them accurate targeting. The issue here is the time of the attack due to the fact that the military, especially the mobile objects can move from the beginning of hostilities. Not all, but some definitely will move. And part can be covered by a deployed air defense. Because in the first place to attack defenseless civilian targets and dual-purpose – they can not move, and cover them not the fact that you can. Due to the availability of satellite maps challenge for missile guidance considerably easier, as plenty of information on the Internet about where and what is located.

In the event of hostilities the possibility of finding goals fall. For example, countries cannot afford satellite reconnaissance and other RELIABLE ways (and it is considered, in fact, the U.S. and Russia and perhaps China). Because again, easier to hit known before the war, the strategic object and no matter the military or it will be completely civil.

Although there are methods of countering satellite – guidance- for example in Russia it was in the 90s the opposition of the authorities the precise position determination using GPS. However, with the fact that now signified the determination is in every smartphone, or even many cameras, it’s incredibly difficult. And, like, jamming at the level of tens of meters are now, that will be enough to minimize the damage, especially if the guidance method was used ALONE. Was a method of countering used in 2003 in Iraq, when given a thorn in the military segment GPS and missiles “Tomahawk” flying anywhere, but not at the target. And had information that the Americans have been working on the bugs and now you need to invent new methods. In General, the modern rocket can now be up to three parallel systems of targeting (inertial, satellite, electronic cards). Not to mention the additional search targets in the terminal phase of the trajectory. About the history of the question from the United States can be found here.

And, Yes, the development of navigation and targeting systems for missiles case is rather complicated, and therefore not a fact that cruise missiles are “newcomers” rocket club this plan is perfect (will be able to accurately hit targets) and/or error-correcting. Not least because whose satellite system must use the same rocket Iran or Turkey(if you still quarrel with the United States)?! Was there testing on the full range of those same Iranians (to determine the amount of error if the method(or methods) guidance ) is unknown.

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