The supercluster was formed only in 2.3 billion years after the Big Bang.
A team of scientists using the telescope VLT (Very Large Telesope) obtained the most detailed images of proto-superclusters Hyperion, which is one of the oldest objects in space and the most ancient cluster of galaxies. It consists of 5 thousand galaxies, has a size of 200×200×500 million light years and has a lot more than 4×1015 solar masses. This was reported in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics.
The uniqueness of the object that astronomers do not expect to find such a large crowd at such early stages of the Universe. Probably within the next 11.5 billion years Hyperion had to grow to even larger sizes, comparable to the size of superclusters of Laniakea, which includes the milky Way galaxy, or even the great wall the Hercules – Corona Borealis.
To obtain this image, the telescope scanned a one square degree of sky in the constellation of Sextans. The super-cluster has a redshift z ≈ 2.5, and that means its formation only 2.3 billion years after the Big Bang.
As the scanner was the instrument VIMOS (VIsible Multi-Object Spectrograph) of the VLT telescope, which detects electromagnetic waves in the range from 360 to 935 nanometers and allows to distinguish objects with a redshift z > 2.
Currently the most distant known galaxy MACS1423-z7p64 has redshift z ≈ 7,1 (that is, the light from it went to Earth more than 13 billion years), the most distant spiral galaxy A1689B11 – z ≈ 2.54 mm (11.2 billion years) and the most distant black hole J1342+0928 – z ≈ 7,54 (13.1 billion years).