Scientists have discovered new details of emergence of plants onto land

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Ученые выяснили новые детали выхода растений на сушуThe closest modern relatives of the first plants believe karapitiya sushi seaweed.

The emergence of plants on land has become one of the most remarkable events in the history of earth’s biosphere and one of the most interesting. It happened in the middle Paleozoic, between 400 and 500 million years ago when the oceans teemed with long rather complicated life. For the development of the continents with their more unpredictable and difficult conditions, the plant took a number of new adaptations, and the authors of the new work, published in the journal Cell, have installed some of them.

This is indicated, in particular, the presence of phragmoplast — parts of the cell skeleton, which are found only horopito and higher plants and can be a precursor to a solid cell wall. Studies in recent years have pointed to the applicant more precisely — they can be charophyceae algae szeplaki (class Zygnematophyceae).

Unfortunately, since then, the time cells scalenon be substantially simplified, not allowing a good Parallels between their anatomy and the anatomy of the first land plants. Therefore, for the analysis of the genome of a large international team of scientists chose not scalenon, and similar algae luchytsi from the same group harovoye, they still retained the elements of the desired cellular structures.

Sekvenirovanie DNA of the algae Chara braunii, genetics decided to compare it with the DNA of plants (for comparison, were taken well-studied genome of Arabidopsis thaliana rezhevichi). The authors noted that the landfall was evidently accompanied by changes in the genes regulating growth of the cell wall (e.g., TANGLED1, which is garofita, but have land rezhevichi).

Other differences relate to the hormones that regulate the activity of the plant depending on the external environment and in an unstable land environment are particularly important. So, algae, and razumovich use the phytohormones auxin and ethylene, although the functionality of these signaling pathways, they have different. In addition, selected genes involved in the respiration of plants, which is another adaptation for life in the atmosphere, on land.

The total number of proteins in charophyte was more than the typical algae, but less than that of land plants. They are really placed in an intermediate position between the two as “early amphibians” of the plant world, already half-ready for life out of water.

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