Dumping syndrome: causes, symptoms, treatment

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Демпинг-синдром: причины, симптомы, лечениеDumping syndrome is fast gastric emptying, occurs when food moves too quickly from the stomach into the duodenum without the need of digestion.

Causes and risk factors
In healthy people, the food moves from the stomach into the intestine within a few hours. However, early dumping syndrome, food particles move too quickly into the duodenum. This causes rapid movement of fluid in the intestines, causing discomfort, bloating and diarrhea.

Late dumping syndrome occurs when releasing large amounts of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to absorb sugar. Elevated levels of insulin in the bloodstream leads to a decrease in blood sugar levels.

The most common cause of dumping syndrome is surgical intervention. This condition occurs at least 15% of people after the transfer of surgical treatment.

Surgical procedures that increase the risk of dumping syndrome
Gastrectomy — this type of surgery involves removing part of the stomach, is performed in people with stomach cancer.

Gastric bypass surgery is usually performed for obesity, to help patients reduce food intake.

Esophagectomy in this procedure part of or the entire esophagus is removed. Esophagectomy used for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

The symptoms of dumping syndrome
The symptoms of dumping syndrome include pain, diarrhea, and nausea after eating, especially after a meal with high sugar content. When dumping syndrome help of changes in diet and lifestyle changes. More severe cases may require treatment or surgery.

Phase dumping syndrome
There are two phases:

Early dumping syndrome — symptoms begin in 10-30 minutes after a meal.

Late dumping syndrome — symptoms begin in 2 — 3 hours after eating.

Approximately 75% of people with dumping syndrome have early dumping syndrome and about 25% — late. Some people have both phases.

Symptoms of early dumping syndrome
Symptoms appear immediately after eating, especially if the food was sweet. People with early dumping syndrome may experience:

diarrhea;

dizziness;

bloating;

increased heart rate;

nausea;

pain in the stomach;

vomiting.

Symptoms of late dumping syndrome

Within 3 hours after a meal can cause the following symptoms:

dizziness;

weakness;

hunger;

increased heart rate;

sweating.

Diagnosis
To diagnose dumping syndrome the doctor will have to study the medical and family history and assess the signs and symptoms. Also conducted the test for tolerance to glucose in the blood is a laboratory method this study measures the level of blood sugar. Carry out the test on gastric emptying — method study evaluates the speed and quality of gastric emptying. The passage of radioactive material is tracked through the digestive system with a scanner to see how quickly food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

Treatment of dumping syndrome
The change in lifestyle and diet can reduce the symptoms of dumping syndrome. In more serious cases may require medication or surgery.

To relieve symptoms should:
eat five to six times a day in small portions;

do not drink liquids 30 minutes before or after a meal;

drink 8 glasses of water throughout the day, but only between meals;

lie down 30 minutes after a meal;

consume foods high in fiber such as oatmeal, whole wheat bread, beans, lentils and vegetables;

limit or avoid foods with high sugar content such as candy, cakes, fruit juice;

restrict or avoid white bread, white rice and pasta;

to give up alcohol;

to increase the intake of protein, such as lean meat, fish and tofu;

remove dairy products from diet as dairy products contain the sugar lactose;

add pectin, psyllium or gum resin to meals to slow the rate at which food passes through the digestive system.

Medication
If dietary changes do not improve symptoms, your doctor may prescribe an injection of octreotide. This antidiarrheal drug slows down the rate at which food enters the small intestine. It can also prevent the release of insulin. Adverse reactions to this drug include nausea and vomiting.

Surgical treatments
If patients are not responding to other treatments or if symptoms are caused by a previous surgical procedure, the doctor may suggest the surgery. There are several surgical techniques that can cure this condition. However, doctors warn that corrective surgery is not always successful.

Complications that may arise as a result of the operation:

problems with the absorption of nutrients;

anemia due to lack of vitamin B-12, folic acid or iron;

osteoporosis, caused by problems with the absorption of calcium.

Many people with early dumping syndrome recover within a few months, especially if they can make changes to your lifestyle and dietary habits.

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